¿Qué es el past participle?
El past participle es lo que en español llamamos al verbo conjugado en preterito. Todas las formas compuestas de los tiempos verbales en inglés se forman con un verbo auxiliar más el past participle. Por lo tanto, para dominar los verbos en inglés, tienes que saber el past participle de todos los verbos. Los verbos regulares se forman con ‘-ed’ al final, para los irregulares hay que memorizar la lista de los verbos en past participle.
Para ayudarte con los verbos ingleses, ABA English pone a tu disposición videoclases de gramática y numerosas actividades interactivas donde podrás poner en práctica tus conocimientos hasta que llegues a dominar el past participle en inglés.
¿Por qué aprender el past participle?
El past participle es la forma verbal más utilizada en inglés, porque sirve para formar los tiempos perfectos, acompañado normalmente del verbo auxiliar ‘have’ en el tiempo correspondiente y la voz pasiva.
Los past participles de los verbos son una parte esencial de la gramática. Para expresarte con soltura en inglés, tienes que tener una base gramatical sólida y dominar las formas verbales correctas y su uso.
20 Common Irregular Past Participles in Spanish
Get ready to uncover the multitude of uses for irregular past participles!
These quirky words aren’t like normal verbs. They throw out the typical Spanish conjugation rules in favor of their own irregular endings. However, this doesn’t make them any less important for learning Spanish!
Past participles, both regular and irregular, allow you to create passive and descriptive sentences in Spanish. You use them everyday in English without even realizing it!
This post will help you master the most common irregular past participles in Spanish with explanations, example sentences, and even a quiz!
Let’s get started!
What Is a Past Participle?
A past participle has two uses. It can either be used as an adjective or as part of a verb phrase.
Past Participle Examples
I have lost my passport.
My passport is lost.
In both cases, “lost” is the past participle that comes from the verb “to lose.” In the first example, “have lost” together form the present perfect tenses. Past participles are commonly used in verb phrases with “have,” “has,” and “had.” In the second sentence, the word “lost” is an adjective that describes the noun “passport.”
Now, let’s look at these same sentences in Spanish.
Yo he perdido mi pasaporte.
Mi pasaporte está perdido.
In these sentences, perdido is the past participle. As you can see, los participios pasados appear the same way in both English and Spanish.
The only difference is that when a past participle forms an adjective in Spanish, it is subject to change based on the gender and plurality of the nouns, just like any other adjective.
How to Form Regular Past Participles in Spanish
Forming the Spanish past participles is straightforward, and many common irregular verbs actually have a regular past participle form.
The two rules are as follows:
-AR Verbs
Take off the –ar ending and add –ado.
- Duchar – duchado
- Hablar – hablado
- Pelear – peleado
- Trabajar – trabajado
-ER and -IR Verbs
Take off the ending and add –ido.
- Comer – comido
- Haber – habido
- Ser – sido
- Tener – tenido
For more past participle practice, check out our tutorials on
Most Common Irregular Past Participles Spanish
Unfortunately, not every verb in Spanish follows the normal grammar rules. Some verbs, called irregular verbs, create their own unique endings.
By memorizing irregular past participles Spanish words and irregular past participles Spanish conjugation, you can quickly master these quirky verbs!
How To Remember the Irregular Past Participles Spanish
Just like not all English verbs use the regular past participle form of -ed, there are several notable irregular past participles in Spanish as well.
Interestingly, all the irregular forms come from –er and –ir verbs. All –ar verbs have regular past participle forms.
There are several different types of irregular past participles Spanish endings. Take a look at each category to help you memorize the most common types of irregular past participles in Spanish!
Irregular Past Participles That Add -CH
Done
Infinitive VerbPast Participlehacerhecho
Said
Infinitive VerbPast Participledecirdicho
Satisfied
Infinitive VerbPast Participlesatisfacersatisfecho
Undone
Infinitive VerbPast Participledeshacerdeshecho
Irregular Past Participles That Add -LT
Acquitted
Infinitive VerbPast Participleabsolverabsuelto
Broken
Infinitive VerbPast Participleromperroto
Covered
Infinitive VerbPast Participlecubrircubierto
Died
Infinitive VerbPast Participlemorirmuerto
Discovered
Infinitive VerbPast Participledescubrirdescubierto
Opened
Infinitive VerbPast Participleabrirabierto
Put
Infinitive VerbPast Participleponerpuesto
Resolved
Infinitive VerbPast Participleresolverresuelto
Returned
Infinitive VerbPast Participledevolverdevuelto
Returned
Infinitive VerbPast Participlevolvervuelto
Seen
Infinitive VerbPast Participlevervisto
Written
Infinitive VerbPast Participleescribirescrito
Irregular Past Participles With an Accent
Believed
Infinitive VerbPast Participlecreercreído
Heard
Infinitive VerbPast Participleoiroído
Laughed
Infinitive VerbPast Participlereirreído
Read
Infinitive VerbPast Participleleerleído
Irregular Past Participles Spanish Sentences
Take a look at these example sentences. By practicing the irregular past participles forms, Spanish will come easier!
No hemos hecho suficiente trabajo.
We haven’t done enough work.
¿Has oído lo que dijeron de ti?
Have you heard what they said about you?
¿Ya te ha devuelto tu dinero?
Has he already returned the money to you?
Me encanta la comida frita.
I love fried food.
Luckily, you don’t have to memorize all irregular past participles—Spanish conjugators are here to help!
WordReference is an amazing online tool that can show you any verb’s complete conjugation list. Just type in the infinitive verb and look under the pretérito perfecto section.
You’ll be speaking Spanish like a pro in no time!
Irregular Past Participles Spanish Quiz
Now that you’ve reviewed almost all the irregular past participles in Spanish, it’s time to put them into practice.
Try your hand at these 12 irregular past participles Spanish questions and see how many you can get right!
Select the past participle form of the verb in parenthesis.
1. Nosotros hemos __________ casi todo el trabajo para el proyecto. (hacer)
hizo
hecho
hacemos
hace
Correct!
Wrong!
2. ¿Ya le has __________ la verdad? (decir)
dicho
dice
dijo
dicieron
Correct!
Wrong!
3. ¡Qué lástima! Mi teléfono está __________. (romper).
roto
rompe
rompía
rompieron
Correct!
Wrong!
4. ¿Dónde has __________ los papeles? (poner)
puso
puede
podía
puesto
Correct!
Wrong!
5. Ya he __________ esa película mil veces. (ver)
vio
visto
veía
ve
Correct!
Wrong!
6. Estamos muy __________, gracias. (satisfacer).
satisfaces
satisfacíamos
satisfechos
satisfizo
Correct!
Wrong!
7. Yo tengo las hojas __________ (imprimir).
impresas
imprimo
imprimen
imprime
Correct!
Wrong!
8. ¡No he __________ así en tanto tiempo! (reir)
rio
reía
reído
ríen
Correct!
Wrong!
9. La tienda no está __________ a esta hora. (abrir)
abre
abrió
abierta
abro
Correct!
Wrong!
10. ¿Cuánto has __________ para el ensayo? (escribir)
escribían
escribo
escrito
escribís
Correct!
Wrong!
Irregular Past Participles
Wow, you’ve mastered Spanish irregular past participles! Good job!
You’ve got a solid understanding of how to use irregular past participles and the quality of your Spanish conversations are exploding through the roof!
You’ve almost mastered Spanish irregular past participles. Your consistent practice is leading to better results!
As you keep up your hard work and practice, you’re starting to understand better how to use irregular past participles. For more study materials, keep up-to-date with our newest published blog posts at Homeschool Spanish Academy. *YOU’RE ALMOST THERE! You can do it!* Do you prefer learning with videos? Check out our YouTube channel Spanish Academy TV for the best Spanish learning content on the web!
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Practice Irregular Participles With a Free Class
Not only does learning Spanish grammar level-up your fluency, but it also improves your cognition and decision-making abilities. When you study Spanish conjugation, you’re actually creating new neurons in your brain!
Irregular verbs are a challenging part of language learning. However, it’s always better to embrace these irregularities rather than avoid them! The best way to practice your grammar is with a free class from Homeschool Spanish Academy.
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